In the Name of God

The Path of Monotheism in the World. Praise and gratitude to God for placing us in the divine upright path of the Infallible Imams for us to acquire a small portion from the heat and light of their radiant existence for the cold and dark nights of our interiors and to derive satisfaction from the light of knowledge of Monotheism, Infallible Wisdom, Wilayat (Guardianship of Imam Ali-AS- and our Imams) and Prophethood. That which is hereby presented is a sparkle from researches by Ostad Seyyed Ali Mousavi titled "The Path of Monotheism in the World" from his booklets on Monotheism which we have been favored with.Miletus was the most important city in Greece in the sixth century BC. About a thousand years [ago] a Greek tribe migrated there and created a new civilization based on a special culture. Trade climaxed in this city and superstition, metempsychosis and inappropriate beliefs lost their validity. Reasoning became prevalent and people traveled to remote areas and comprehended the civilizations of Babylon, Phoenicia and Egypt. They acquired Egyptian geometry, Babylon astronomy and sciences of other nations which resulted in freedom of thought and they attempted to find reasonable answers to problems of the world and mankind. Most importantly, they suddenly became productive in the field of philosophy and found the firm branches and roots of it and approached theology and divinity.  In the Greek philosophy, inclination towards naturalism and secrets exists. Thales was the first propagator of naturalists who grew in the city of Miletus. He says water is the beginning foundation, façade and structure of everything in the world. Thales considered water to be the beginning and base from the three elements of gas, liquid and solid which in his view make up all essences in the world. This matter caused him to be held in esteem by the Stoics (he was the founder of this school) and others.  However, this was not because he considered moisture and water to be the mother of everything, but rather because his view focuses on Monotheism to which he gave life six hundred years Before Christ in the world of science. He believed everything led towards the Eternal God, that too in an age when people were at a climax of idol and diverse deity worshipping.Philosophers Before Christ, like the followers of the School of Stoicism, the School of Illumination and Peripatetic are called Early Philosophers and After Christ the followers of the school of Divine Philosophy are named Late Philosophers, for example, the followers of Plato and the followers of the Peripatetic School, in which the waves of divinity were more prominent in the Late Philosophers compared to the Early ones. The Early Philosophers paved the way to some extent but Monotheism bore fruit and became prevalent among Late Philosophers. The spread of Prophethood, the rule of our Infallible Imams and the divine principles were seen among Late Philosophers. Even in European countries where the fragrance of Monotheism spread in the realms of their lives all were inspired by Late Philosophy. This originated from divine philosophy generally and specifically.They took Monotheism and poured it into the container of Determinism. Since the followers of Determinism were unrestrained, they drove away Monotheism from Determinism and confrontation, the aim being to do away with philosophy and for algebra, Euclidean trigonometry, the law of numbers, chemistry and physics to be defined within the container of Monotheism. However, designers from the Nestorian School confronted this method.In the beginning of Islam, first the wave of religion was evident in the Call for Prayers, then forced prayers and reciting the Quran forcefully. It was at that time that the Nestorians took action in the junction of the two seas.  Nestorius was a Christian scholar and a strong master who found his way to the school of Mesopotamia and changed the beliefs of all the religious scholars including Christians, Mesopotamians and mostly Iranians. Likewise, he changed parts of the Bible and considered God to be three-fold, the father, the son and the holy ghost. After enriching the school with his views, he founded other schools which included Jondi Shapur in 530 AD by Anushirwan, the Sassanid king. Debates in these two schools were regarding Aristotle and other philosophers. The Nestorians wanted to consider philosophy a container and to pour basic sciences into the container of Monotheism and feed the Jews and Christians with it. They handed the bowl over to the fresh hands of researchers, looked at it deeply and realized that Monotheism was given from their fathers to them and restricted them from stealing and committing adultery obliging them into strengthening their beliefs.After consultations, some of them broke the container and named it modern or basic science. They noticed that this science gives them knowledge, but does not prevent corruption and anti-religious deeds. They said this science was excellent; therefore, they threw up philosophy and Monotheism, not during a period of one year, but rather it took four hundred years for philosophy to separate from modern science. Now if you have discovered the root, understand what lies in philosophy and what lies in mathematics and natural science.Do not go to Karbala blindly,So you do not incur disasters like Hussein did,But how was the Greek philosophy guided towards Islam? This happened during the time of Ma'mun who assigned seventeen people to go and buy the works of Late philosophers from Greece. This happened and each word was bought at the price of a gold coin. They loaded the philosophical works onto camels and imported them into schools and learning institutes of Islamic countries. Similarly, this custom continued during the time of Mutawakil Abbasi.But another group, named Sabeans, helped the Iranians in propagation of philosophy.  They engaged in translating philosophical books. Here the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle poured into Islam. In fact, this was done from the two schools of Jundi Shapur and Mesopotamia. This was in spite of the fact that Nestorians were destroying its image and were not following a righteous path. However, the Sabeans and those who managed to take favorable steps after Ma'mun introduced these sciences in the way mentioned and combined them rightfully with the beliefs of Imam Jafar Sadiq (AS) and Imam Baqir (AS). In other words, this science was strengthened through the school of Imam Jafar Sadiq (AS) and Imam Baqir (AS) and Shia beliefs. Not that Imam Jafar Sadiq (AS) and Imam Baqir (AS) were not knowledgeable of the fields of philosophy and wisdom, but rather people had to learn these from the Sabeans.During this uproar, Europe had fallen in a deep sleep. In other words, when these two sciences poured into Islam, Europe with all its claims was totally unaware of Islam and philosophy and gnosis. All eastern and western sciences started spreading from these two schools. Its throat was Islam and the heart was the general public. It was then that the Europeans deeply looked upon religion. They saw that Islam has both science and religion. They had no choice but to stretch their hands towards Islam and from the twelfth century onwards, the Europeans were fed from the scientific table of Islam.

References: The booklet, Wajib Al-Wujud (17), p 1662The booklet, Wajib Al-Wujud (18), p 1688The booklet, Wajib Al-Wujud (23), p 2242The booklet on Ma'ad, 2005